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controversies in autism
Diagnoses of autism have become more frequent since the 1980s, which has led to various controversies about both the cause of autism and the nature of the diagnoses themselves. Whether autism has mainly a genetic or developmental cause, and the degree of coincidence between autism and intellectual disability are all matters of current scientific controversy as well as inquiry.
Scientific consensus holds that vaccines do not cause autism, but popular rumors and an article in a respected scientific journal, ''The Lancet,'' provoked concern among parents. The ''Lancet'' article was retracted for making false claims and because its author was found to be on the payroll of litigants against vaccine manufacturers.〔
==Epidemiology ==
(詳細はautism spectrum disorders (ASD). Most recent reviews of epidemiology estimate a prevalence of one to two cases per 1,000 people for autism, and about six per 1,000 for ASD; because of inadequate data, these numbers may underestimate ASD's true prevalence. ASD averages a 4.3:1 male-to-female ratio. The number of children known to be autistic has increased dramatically since the 1980s, at least partly due to changes in diagnostic practice; it is unclear whether prevalence has actually increased;〔 and as-yet-unidentified environmental risk factors cannot be ruled out. The risk of autism is associated with several prenatal factors, including advanced parental age and diabetes in the mother during pregnancy. ASD is associated with several genetic disorders and epilepsy. Autism is also associated with intellectual disability.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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